What is two-factor authentication (2FA)?

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an authentication method that adds an extra layer of security. It requires users to authenticate a second time after entering their username and password to ensure the validity of their identity. Typically, the second authentication factor is a one-time password generated by a mobile application, but it can also be a hardware security token, SMS verification code, etc. This method significantly enhances account security because even if someone obtains the username and password, they still need the second authentication factor to log in.

When 2FA is enabled, the user login process involves the following steps:

1. Username and Password: The user enters the username and password associated with their registered account, constituting the first step of authentication.

2. Second-Factor Authentication: After entering the username and password, the system prompts the user for a second step of authentication. This includes:

SMS Code: The user receives an SMS message containing a one-time password and enters this code.

Mobile Application-Generated Code: The user generates a one-time password using a specific mobile application (such as Google Authenticator or Authy) and enters it when logging in.

Hardware Security Token: The user possesses a hardware device that can generate one-time passwords for authentication.

Biometric Information: Some systems may use biometric data such as fingerprints or facial recognition as a second authentication factor.

By combining these two factors, a user's identity is more strongly protected because attackers need to obtain the username/password and second-factor authentication to successfully log in. This enhances account security and reduces the risk of unauthorized access.

Bittam recommends that each user use two-step verification (2FA) to maximize account security.